Kratom is scheduled to become an illegal substance in Indonesia in 2024 once new regulations from the Indonesian Bundesweit Narcotics Agency (BNN) go into effect.[87] This pending ban has been hinein place since 2019; the date of the ban going into effect was pushed out to 2024 to give Kratom farmers time to switch to other crops.

Kratom has opioid properties. Mitragynine is classified as a kappa-opioid receptor agonist and is roughly 13 times more potent than morphine. Mitragynine is thought to Beryllium responsible for the opioid-like effects.

"[118] The FDA's position on kratom has also been criticized by the American Kratom Association and researchers including Walter Prozialeck.[116][117][119] Former commissioner Gottlieb continued to defend the agency's position in 2021, stating that he was convinced that kratom was fueling the U.S. opioid epidemic, though Gottlieb's partiality has been called into question as he has since gone on to become a member of the board of directors of copyright Inc., a company that has been heavily criticized for its sale and marketing of opioid drugs.[118]

NIDA and other institutes at NIH support and conduct research to evaluate potential medicinal uses for kratom and kratom compounds. While kratom has not been proven safe or effective for any medical purpose, kratom has been used rein traditional medicine in some countries,1, 18 and many people Weltgesundheitsorganisation use kratom report doing so to self-medicate for pain, anxiety, depression, substance use disorders and substance withdrawal.

Scientific research on kratom is relatively new compared to research on more widely used drugs. Much is still unknown about chemical compounds related to kratom, the short- and long-term health and safety impacts of kratom use and kratom’s potential therapeutic uses.

As of 2013[update], kratom welches listed by ASEAN hinein its Beilage of products that cannot Beryllium included hinein traditional medicines and health supplements that are traded across ASEAN nations.[78]

rein 1836, kratom was reported to have been used as an opium substitute rein Malaysia. Kratom welches also used as an opium substitute hinein Thailand in the 19th century.[6]

Kruegel AC, Grundmann O (2018). "The medicinal chemistry and neuropharmacology of kratom: A preliminary discussion of a promising medicinal plant and analysis of its potential for abuse".

Kratom overdose is a subject of concern rein many countries because of the associated rising number of hospitalizations and deaths rein which chronic kratom use is a contributing factor.[12][17] According to clinical reviews, a kratom overdose can cause liver toxicity, seizures, coma, and death,[17] especially hinein combination with excessive alcohol use.

Some research suggests that mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine may not cause some of the more serious adverse effects associated with opioid use—such as respiratory depression (trouble breathing)—that can occur here during a life-threatening opioid overdose.

Kratom products may contain harmful contaminants. There are no uses for kratom approved by the FDA, and kratom products have been found to contain contaminants that produce effects not associated with kratom or kratom compounds alone, including heavy metals and harmful bacteria.

Of particular interest to NIDA, early studies suggest kratom and kratom compounds warrant further study as experimental treatments for substance use disorders, specifically opioid use disorder.9, 48 Such treatments are urgently needed to help curb the drug overdose epidemic hinein the United States.

NIDA supports and conducts research on kratom and related chemical compounds to help inform kratom policy and health decision-making around kratom use. (See How is NIDA advancing research on about kratom?)

Mitragynine is classified as a kappa-opioid receptor agonist and is roughly 13 times more potent than morphine. Mitragynine is thought to Beryllium responsible for the opioid-like effects.